Cov ntaub ntawv muab feem ntau suav nrog cov hauv qab no:
- Draxxin Injectable Solution Indications
- Ceeb toom thiab ceeb toom rau Draxxin Injectable Solution
- Cov lus qhia thiab ntau npaum li cas rau Draxxin Injectable Solution
Draxxin Injectable Solution
Txoj kev kho no siv rau cov hom hauv qab no:
Company: Zoetistulathromycin sterile txhaj tshuaj
Veterinary siv nkaus xwb
tshuaj tua kab mob
Ib 02285452
DESCRIPTION: Draxxin ®Injectable Solution yog npaj txhij-rau-siv sterile parenteral npaj muaj tulathromycin, ib tug semi-synthetic macrolide tshuaj tua kab mob ntawm subclass triamilide. Txhua ml ntawm Draxxin Cov tshuaj txhaj tshuaj muaj 100 mg ntawm tulathromycin ua lub hauv paus dawb hauv lub tsheb propylene glycol.
Draxxin Cov tshuaj txhaj tshuaj muaj qhov sib npaug ntawm ob hom isomeric ntawm tulathromycin hauv qhov sib piv 9: 1. Cov qauv ntawm isomers tau qhia hauv qab no:
Daim duab 1.
Cov npe tshuaj ntawm cov isomers yog (2R, 3S, 4R, 5R, 8R, 10R, 11R, 12S, 13S, 14R) - 13 - [[2,6 - dideoxy - 3 - C - methyl - 3 - O - methyl 4 - C - [(propylamino)methyl] - α - L - ribo - hexopyranosyl]oxy] - 2 - ethyl - 3,4,10 - trihydroxy - 3,5,8,10,12,14 - hexamethyl - 11 - [[3,4,6 - trideoxy - 3 - (dimethylamino) - β - D - xylo - hexopyranosyl] - oxy] - 1 - oxa - 6 - azacyclopentadecan - 15 - ib thiab (2S,3S,6R,8R, 9R, 10S,11S,12R) - 11 - [[2,6 - dideoxy - 3 - C - methyl - 3 - O - methyl - 4 - C - [(propylamino)methyl] - α - L - ribo - hexopyranosyl] oxy] - 2 - [(1R,2R) - 1,2 - dihydroxy - 1 - methylbutyl] - 8 - hydroxy - 3,6,8,10,12 - pentamethyl - 9 - [[3,4,6 - trideoxy - 3 - (dimethylamino) - β - D - xylohexopyranosyl]oxy] - 1 - oxa - 4 - azacyclotridecan - 13 - ib, feem.
Draxxin Injectable Solution Indications
Nqaij nyuj thiab nyuj tsis pub mis nyuj.
Bovine Respiratory Disease (BRD): Draxxin Injectable Solution yog qhia rau kev kho mob ntawm BRD txuam nrog Mannheimia hemolytica , Pasteurella multocida , Histophilus slum (Haemophilus pw) thiab Mycoplasma kab mob thiab rau kev txo qis ntawm morbidity txuam nrog BRD hauv feedlot calves tshwm sim los ntawm Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, Histophilus somni thiab Mycoplasma kab mob , nyob rau hauv thawj 14 hnub nyob rau hauv lub feedlot thaum muab thaum lub sij hawm tuaj txog.
Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK): Draxxin Injectable Solution yog qhia rau kev kho mob ntawm IBK txuam nrog Moraxella bovis .
Ko Taw Rot: Draxxin Injectable Solution yog qhia rau kev kho mob ntawm bovine ko taw rot (interdigital necrobacillosis) cuam tshuam nrog Fusobacterium necrophorum thiab Porphyromonas levii .
Suckling Calves, Dairy Calves, thiab Veal Calves: BRD: Draxxin Injectable Solution yog qhia rau kev kho mob ntawm BRD txuam nrog M. haemolytica, P. multocida, H. somni, thiab M. Bovis .
Swine: Swine respiratory disease (SRD): Draxxin Injectable Solution yog qhia rau kev kho mob ntawm SRD txuam nrog Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Pasteurella multocida thiab Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae thiab rau kev tswj ntawm SRD tshwm sim los ntawm Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Pasteurella multocida thiab Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae hauv pawg npua uas SRD tau kuaj pom.
Yaj: Draxxin Injectable Solution yog qhia rau kev kho mob ntawm ovine ko taw rot txuam nrog Dichelobacter nodosus yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws thaum kev kho mob yuav tsum tau vim muaj cov kab mob active.
Dosage thiab Administration
Nyuj: Txhaj subcutaneously hauv lub caj dab, ib koob ntawm 2.5 mg / kg lub cev hnyav (1.25 mL / 50 kg). Kev saib xyuas yuav tsum tau muab tshuaj kom raug. Tsis txhob txhaj ntau tshaj 10 mL rau ib qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj. Cov tsiaj feem ntau yuav teb rau kev kho mob li ntawm 3 mus rau 5 hnub. Yog tias tsis pom muaj kev txhim kho, qhov kev kuaj mob yuav tsum rov ntsuas dua.
Thaum Tuaj Txog Kev Kho Mob:
Nco tseg: Txhawm rau txwv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, Draxxin Cov tshuaj txhaj tshuaj yuav tsum tsuas yog siv raws li kev kho mob tuaj txog thaum: 1) BRD tau kuaj pom thiab 2) cov nyuj muaj kev pheej hmoo siab ntawm kev tsim BRD. Ib lossis ntau qhov ntawm cov hauv qab no feem ntau ua rau cov menyuam yaus muaj kev pheej hmoo siab ntawm kev tsim BRD. Cov nyuj yog los ntawm ntau lub hauv paus ua liaj ua teb, thiab / los yog nyuj tau ncua sij hawm thauj mus los (uas tej zaum yuav suav nrog ob peb yog tias muaj kev so nres), thiab / los yog qhov kub thiab txias hloov ntawm lub hauv paus chiv keeb mus txog 17 ° C lossis ntau dua, thiab / lossis Cov tsiaj txhu tau raug txuas ntxiv rau cov huab cua ntub thiab txias heev, thiab / lossis nyuj tau ntsib ntau dhau los yog cov txheej txheem kev ntxhov siab xws li castration thiab dehorning.
Table 1. Draxxin Injectable Solution Nyuj Dosing Guide
| Tsiaj Nyhav (Kg) | Cov koob tshuaj (mL) |
| tsib caug | 1.25 |
| 100 | 2.5 |
| 200 | 5.0 |
| 300 | 7.5 |
| 400 | 10.0 |
| 500 | 12.5 ib |
| 600 | 15.0 Nws |
Swine: Nrog kev siv cov koob txhaj tshuaj tsis siv neeg, txhaj tshuaj intramuscularly hauv lub caj dab, ib koob ntawm 2.5 mg / kg lub cev qhov hnyav (0.25 mL / 10 kg). Tsis txhob txhaj ntau tshaj 2.5 mL rau ib qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj. Cov tsiaj feem ntau yuav teb rau kev kho mob li ntawm 3 mus rau 5 hnub. Yog tias tsis pom muaj kev txhim kho, qhov kev kuaj mob yuav tsum rov ntsuas dua.
Nco tseg: Txhawm rau txwv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, Draxxin Cov tshuaj txhaj tshuaj yuav tsum tsuas yog siv rau kev tswj hwm ntawm SRD thaum kev sib cais thiab kev kho tus kheej cov tsiaj muaj mob tsis zoo los tswj tus kab mob. Cov kws kho tsiaj yuav tsum txiav txim siab txog kev kho mob los ntawm kev txiav txim siab ntawm lwm cov kev tswj hwm kev ua liaj ua teb tag nrho thiab muaj feem cuam tshuam txog kev sib kis.
Rooj 2. Draxxin Injectable Solution Swine Dosing Guide
| Tsiaj Nyhav (kg) | Cov koob tshuaj (mL) |
| 8 | 0.2 |
| 12 | 0.3 |
| 16 | 0.4 |
| 24 | 0.6 |
| 32 | 0.8 ua |
| 40 | 1.0 |
| 48 | 1.2 |
| 56 | 1.4 |
| 64 | 1.6 |
| 72 | 1.8 |
| 80 | 2.0 |
| 88 | 2.2 |
| 100 | 2.5 |
| 120 | 3.0 |
| 140 | 3.5 |
Yaj: Txhaj tshuaj intramuscularly hauv lub caj dab, ib koob ntawm 2.5 mg / kg lub cev hnyav (0.25 mL / 10 kg). Kev saib xyuas yuav tsum tau muab tshuaj kom raug. Rau ntau lub vial nkag, ib qho kev txhaj tshuaj tsis siv neeg txhaj tshuaj yog pom zoo kom tsis txhob muaj ntau dhau ntawm qhov nres.
Nco tseg: Ko taw rot hauv yaj yog txheej txheem kab mob multifactorial uas tsis muaj qhov tshwj xeeb rau kev tiv thaiv thiab kho. Cov khoom no yog siv los ua ib feem ntawm tag nrho cov pab pawg tswj hwm kev pabcuam uas kuj tseem suav nrog kev tswj hwm ib puag ncig, xws li muab qhov chaw qhuav.
CEEB TOOM: Cov tsiaj kho mob yuav tsum tsis txhob muab tua rau kev siv ua zaub mov tsawg kawg yog 44 hnub hauv nyuj, 8 hnub hauv swine thiab 16 hnub yaj tom qab kev kho mob tshiab nrog cov tshuaj no. Tsis txhob siv rau hauv cov nyuj uas muaj hnub nyoog 20 hli thiab tshaj saud. Txhawm rau txwv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, Draxxin Injectable Solution yuav tsum tsuas yog siv (1) raws li kev kho mob tuaj txog hauv feedlot calves thaum BRD tau kuaj pom thiab calves muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tsim BRD, thiab (2) rau kev tswj hwm ntawm SRD tshwm sim thaum pawg npua muaj kev pheej hmoo siab ntawm kev tsim SRD.
Khaws kom deb ntawm cov menyuam yaus.
Nco tseg: Txhawm rau txo qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm kev txiav ntau dhau ntawm qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj, nws raug nquahu kom tsis txhob tua swine ntev txog 35 hnub tom qab kev kho mob tshiab nrog cov tshuaj no.
Contraindications
Draxxin Cov tshuaj txhaj tshuaj yog contraindicated nyob rau hauv cov tsiaj yav tas los pom tias yog hypersensitive rau macrolides tshuaj tua kab mob.
CEEB TOOM: Cov teebmeem ntawm Draxxin Kev txhaj tshuaj ntawm bovine, ovine thiab porcine reproductive kev ua tau zoo, cev xeeb tub thiab lactation tsis tau txiav txim siab. Kev txhaj tshuaj subcutaneous hauv nyuj thiab kev txhaj tshuaj intramuscular hauv swine tuaj yeem ua rau cov ntaub so ntswg hauv zos cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas yuav ua rau txo qis cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm kev tua. Kev nyab xeeb ntawm Draxxin Cov tshuaj txhaj tshuaj tsis tau pom nyob rau hauv cov npua hnub nyoog qis dua 4 lub lis piam lossis hauv cov yaj uas muaj hnub nyoog qis dua 6 lub lis piam.
neulasta cov kev mob tshwm sim mus sij hawm ntev
TXOJ CAI TSHIAB:
Ntawm qhov tshwm sim tsis tshua muaj, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv anaphylactic, qee zaum ua rau tuag taus, tau tshaj tawm nrog kev siv cov khoom no hauv txhua hom kev qhia.
Hauv ib txoj kev tshawb fawb BRD, ob tug nyuj tau kho nrog Draxxin ntawm 2.5 mg / kg BW nthuav tawm kev hloov pauv hloov pauv. Ib qho ntawm cov menyuam mos no kuj pom muaj qhov ua tsis taus pa ntev, uas tej zaum yuav cuam tshuam nrog kev mob ntsws.
Hauv yaj, qhov mob ntawm qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj thiab qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj tau tshaj tawm.
Clinical Pharmacology
Ntawm physiological pH, tulathromycin (lub hauv paus tsis muaj zog) yog kwv yees li 50 npaug ntau soluble hauv hydrophilic tshaj li hydrophobic media. Qhov profile solubility no zoo ib yam nrog cov kev ua ntawm cov kab mob extracellular feem ntau txuam nrog macrolidesib. Qhov ntau dua tulathromycin concentrations yog pom nyob rau hauv lub ntsws raws li piv rau cov ntshav plasma. Qhov twg lub ntsws concentrations sawv cev rau cov tshuaj dawb (active) tsis tau tshuaj xyuas. Yog li ntawd, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev kho mob ntawm cov mob ntsws siab siab no tsis tau txiav txim siab.Txawm hais tias kev sib raug zoo ntawm tulathromycin thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm nws cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tsis tau pom, raws li chav kawm, macrolides zoo li feem ntau yog bacteriostatic, tab sis tej zaum yuav yog bactericidal tawm tsam qee cov kab mob.ob. Lawv kuj nyiam ua kom pom kev tawm tsam ywj pheej tua; Tus nqi ntawm cov kab mob tshem tawm tsis hloov pauv ib zaug cov tshuaj hauv cov ntshav ntshav nce mus txog 2 mus rau 3 npaug ntawm MIC ntawm cov hom phiaj kab mob. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej no, lub sij hawm uas cov ntshav concentration tseem nyob saum MIC yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob. Macrolides kuj pom muaj cov nyhuv tom qab tshuaj tua kab mob (PAE), lub sijhawm uas zoo li yog ob qho tib si tshuaj thiab kab mob.
Feem ntau, los ntawm kev ua kom cov macrolide concentration thiab lub sij hawm raug, PAE yuav nce mus rau qee qhov ntev. Ntawm ob qhov sib txawv, qhov concentration thiab lub sij hawm raug, cov tshuaj concentration zoo li yog tus txiav txim siab tshaj plaws ntawm lub sijhawm ntawm PAE.
Tulathromycin raug tshem tawm ntawm lub cev feem ntau tsis hloov pauv los ntawm kev tso tawm ntawm biliary.
ib Carbon, C. 1998. Pharmacodynamics of Macrolides, Azalides, and Streptogramins: Effect on Extracellular Pathogens. Cli. Kab mob. Dis. 27: 28-32 : kuv.
ob Nightingale, C.J. 1997. Pharmacokinetics thiab Pharmacodynamics of Newer Macrolides. Pediatr. Kab mob. Dis. J., 16: 438-443 : kuv.
Nyuj: Tom qab kev tswj hwm subcutaneous rau hauv caj dab ntawm cov nyuj pub mis ntawm 2.5 mg / kg lub cev qhov hnyav, tulathromycin sai sai thiab yuav luag tag nrho absorbed. Peak plasma concentrations feem ntau tshwm sim li ntawm 15 feeb tom qab noj thiab cov khoom txheeb ze bioavailability tshaj 90%. Tag nrho cov txheej txheem tshem tawm yog kwv yees li 170 mL / h / kg. Tulathromycin faib dav rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg hauv lub cev, raws li pom los ntawm qhov ntim ntawm qhov muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm kwv yees li 11 L / kg hauv cov nyuj noj qab nyob zoo.3. Qhov ntim ntawm kev faib tawm no feem ntau yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev tshem tawm ib nrab-lub neej ntev ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw no [kwv yees li 2.75 hnub hauv cov ntshav (raws li quantifiable terminal plasma drug concentrations) piv rau 8.75 hnub rau tag nrho cov ntsws concentrations (raws li cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm cov tsiaj noj qab haus huv)] . Linear pharmacokinetics raug soj ntsuam nrog cov koob tshuaj subcutaneous txij li 1.27 mg / kg lub cev hnyav txog 5.0 mg / kg lub cev hnyav. Tsis muaj qhov sib txawv pharmacokinetic tau pom nyob rau hauv cov txiv neej castrated piv rau poj niam calves.
3 Clearance thiab ntim kwv yees yog raws li kev sib piv ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm 2.5 mg / kg lub cev hnyav uas tau tswj hwm los ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj subcutaneous lossis intravenous.
Swine: Tom qab kev tswj hwm intramuscular rau pub npua ntawm qhov ntau npaum li 2.5 mg / kg lub cev qhov hnyav, tulathromycin yog tag nrho thiab sai sai absorbed (T.max~ 0.25 teev). Tom qab ntawd cov tshuaj sai sai faib rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm lub cev, ua tiav qhov ntim ntawm kev faib tawm ntau dua 15 L / kg. Cov tshuaj dawb tau tshem tawm sai sai ntawm cov kab mob hauv lub cev (CLkab ke= 187 mL/hr/kg). Txawm li cas los xij, nws muaj lub sijhawm ntev tshem tawm ib nrab-lub neej (60 mus rau 90 teev) vim nws qhov ntim loj ntawm kev faib tawm. Txawm hais tias pulmonary tulathromycin concentrations ntau dua li cov concentration pom hauv plasma, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov kev tshawb pom no tsis tau txiav txim siab. Tsis muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm poj niam txiv neej hauv swine tulathromycin pharmacokinetics.
Yaj: Tom qab ib koob tshuaj intramuscular ib koob ntawm 2.5 mg / kg lub cev qhov hnyav, tulathromycin ua tiav qhov siab tshaj plaws plasma concentration (C.max) ntawm 1.19 µg / ml hauv kwv yees li 15 feeb (Tmax) tom qab noj tshuaj thiab muaj kev tshem tawm ib nrab-lub neej (t1/269.7 Nws.) Plasma protein khi yog kwv yees li 60-75%. Tom qab txhaj tshuaj, qhov ntim ntawm kev faib tawm ntawm lub xeev khov kho (Vss) yog 31.7 L / kg. Lub bioavailability ntawm tulathromycin tom qab intramuscular tswj nyob rau hauv yaj yog 100%.
MICROBIOLOGY: Draxxin Injectable Solution feem ntau yog bacteriostatic tab sis tej zaum yuav yog bactericidal tawm tsam qee cov kab mob. Nws ua los ntawm kev khi rau cov kab mob ribosomal sub-unit yog li inhibiting protein synthesis.
Nyuj: Hauv vitro Kev ua haujlwm ntawm tulathromycin tau pom zoo tawm tsam feem ntau cov kab mob sib cais thiab cov kab mob mycoplasma cuam tshuam nrog BRD suav nrog Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, Histophilus somni thiab Mycoplasma bovis; rau Moraxella bovis txuam nrog IBK; thiab rau Fusobacterium necrophorum thiab Porphyromonas levii txuam nrog Foot Rot.
Table 3. Qhov tsawg kawg nkaus inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ntawm Draxxin Cov tshuaj txhaj tshuaj tau txiav txim siab los ntawm cov kab mob BRD ntuj rau cov neeg nyob ib leeg tau txais los ntawm cov tsiaj nyob rau hauv kev tshawb fawb hauv Teb Chaws Asmeskas thaum xyoo 1999; rau Moraxella bovis txuam nrog IBK hauv kev tshawb fawb soj ntsuam hauv Teb Chaws Asmeskas thaum xyoo 2004; thiab los ntawm tej yam kab mob ko taw rot rau kev cais tau los ntawm cov tsiaj hauv kev tshawb fawb hauv Canada thiab Asmeskas hauv 2007.
| Kab mob | Hnub cais | Tsis yog cais | MIC ntau yam (µg / mL) | MIC tsib caug * (µg / mL) | MIC 90 * (µg / mL) |
| Histophilus somni | Xyoo 1999 | 36 | 1 rau 4 | 4 | 4 |
| Mannheimia hemolytica | Xyoo 1999 | 642 ib | 0.5 rau 64 | ob | ob |
| Pasteurella multocida | Xyoo 1999 | 221 | 0.25 rau 64 | 0.5 | ib |
| Mycoplasma kab mob | Xyoo 1999 | 43 | ≤ 0.063 rau > 64 | 0.125 Nws | ib |
| Moraxella bovis tshuaj dawb puag ncig 512 | Xyoo 2004 | 55 | 0.25 rau 1 | 0.5 | 0.5 |
| Fusobacterium necrophorum | Xyoo 2007 | 116 | ≤ 0.25 txog > 128 | ob | 64 |
| Porphyromonas levii | Xyoo 2007 | 103 | ≤ 0.25 txog > 128 | 8 | 128 |
* Qhov tsawg kawg nkaus inhibitory concentration rau 50% thiab 90% ntawm kev cais tawm
Cov kab mob npe Porphyromonas levii los ntawm taxonomic reclassification ntawm Bacteroides melaninogenicus subspecies levii .
Swine: Hauv vitro Kev ua haujlwm ntawm tulathromycin tau pom zoo tawm tsam feem ntau cov kab mob sib cais thiab cov kab mob mycoplasma koom nrog SRD suav nrog Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Pasteurella multocida, Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, Bordetella bronchiseptica, Streptococcus suis thiab Arcanobacterium (Actinomyces) pyogenes .
Rooj 4. MICs ntawm tulathromycin tau txiav txim siab rau kev cais tawm los ntawm swine cuv npe hauv SRD kev tshawb fawb hauv Asmeskas thiab Canada thaum xyoo 2000 txog 2002 thiab thaum xyoo 2007-2008.
| Kab mob | Hnub cais | Tsis yog cais | MIC ntau yam (µg / mL) | MIC tsib caug * (µg / mL) | MIC 90 * (µg / mL) |
| Actinomycetes | Xyoo 2000-2002 Xyoo 2007-2008 | 135 89 | 16 rau 32 4 rau 32 | 16 16 | 32 16 |
| Pasteurella multocida | Xyoo 2000-2002 Xyoo 2007-2008 | 55 40 | 0.5-64 ≤ 0.03 rau 2 | ib ib | ob ob |
| Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae | Xyoo 2000-2002 | 30 | ≤ 0.063 rau > 32 | 8 | > 32 |
| Xyoo 2007-2008 | 46 | 64 | > 64 | > 64 |
* Qhov tsawg kawg nkaus inhibitory concentration rau 50% thiab 90% ntawm kev cais tawm
Yaj: Hauv vitro Kev ua haujlwm ntawm tulathromycin tau qhia tawm tsam Dichelobacter nodosus yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws , feem ntau cov kab mob pathogen cais nyob rau hauv ko taw rot. MICs ntawm tulathromycin tau txiav txim siab rau cov kev sib cais tau los ntawm cov yaj sau npe hauv kev tshawb nrhiav ko taw rot hauv Tebchaws Yelemees thaum xyoo 2011 txog 2013. Ntawm 8 D. noj cais tawm tag nrho 8 tau pom tias muaj MIC ntawm 0.25 µg/mL.
EFFICACY:
Qeb: BRD - Hauv kev tshawb fawb ntau qhov chaw ua haujlwm hauv Asmeskas, 314 tus nyuj nrog BRD tshwm sim tau raug kho nrog Draxxin Cov tshuaj txhaj tshuaj thiab 160 tau kho nrog saline. Cov lus teb rau kev kho mob tau muab piv rau kev tswj cov tshuaj ntsev. Kev kho tau raug txhais tias yog tus menyuam mos liab nrog ≤ 40 ° C rau Hnub 14. Tus nqi kho tau ntau dua (P≤ 0.05) hauv Draxxin Injectable Solution-treated calves (78%) piv rau saline-treated calves (23.8%). Muaj ob tus neeg tuag txog BRD hauv 314 Draxxin Cov tshuaj txhaj tshuaj-kho cov calves piv rau cuaj BRD-txog kev tuag nyob rau hauv 160 saline-kho nyuj.
Kev tshuaj xyuas Bayesian meta-analysis tau ua los sib piv BRD kev kho mob zoo npaum li cas hauv cov menyuam mos liab (nqaij nyuj hnyav 250 lbs lossis tsawg dua thiab noj feem ntau cov khoom noj mis nyuj) kho nrog Draxxin mus rau qhov kev vam meej ntawm cov nyuj laus (calves hnyav tshaj 250 lbs thiab noj feem ntau cov roughage thiab grain-based noj) kho nrog Draxxin . Kev tshuaj xyuas suav nrog cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm plaub txoj kev tshawb fawb txog kev kho mob BRD tau ua nyob rau hauv Teb Chaws Asmeskas thiab cuaj qhov kev tshawb fawb niaj hnub ua hauv Europe. Kev tshuaj xyuas tau pom tias BRD kev kho mob tau zoo hauv cov menyuam yaus yog qhov tsawg kawg yog qhov zoo raws li BRD kev kho mob tau zoo hauv cov nyuj laus. Vim li ntawd, Draxxin yog pom zoo rau kev kho mob ntawm BRD txuam nrog M. haemolytica, P. multocida, H. somni , thiab M. Bovis nyob rau hauv cov mis nyuj mis nyuj, mis nyuj nyuj, thiab veal calves. Hauv lwm qhov chaw hauv Teb Chaws Asmeskas kev tshawb fawb ntau qhov chaw nrog cov nyuj uas muaj kev pheej hmoo siab ntawm kev tsim BRD, kev tswj hwm ntawm Draxxin Cov tshuaj txhaj tshuaj tau ua rau txo qis qhov tshwm sim ntawm BRD (13.3%, 53 ntawm 399 kho cov nyuj) piv rau cov nyuj uas muaj ntsev (58.7%, 236 ntawm 402 kho cov nyuj). Kev ntsuas kev ua tau zoo yog ua raws li cov qhab nia kuaj mob ntawm tus cwj pwm / kev ua ub no, ua pa ib txwm ua, thiab qhov quav qhov kub ntawm ≤ 40 ° C rau Hnub 14. Tsis muaj BRD cuam tshuam txog kev tuag hauv 399. Draxxin Txhaj tshuaj-kho cov calves piv rau ob tug BRD-txog kev tuag nyob rau hauv 402 saline-kho nyuj.
Ob txoj kev sim-induced kab mob qauv kev tshawb fawb siv Mycoplasma kab mob Cov kab mob pathogenic tau ua kom paub tseeb tias qhov ua tau zoo ntawm tulathromycin hauv kev kho BRD cuam tshuam nrog M. Bovis . Qhov kev ua tau zoo tau raug soj ntsuam raws li cov kab mob ntsws pneumonic thiab ntawm cov tsos mob ntawm cov kab mob ua pa xws li pyrexia, ua pa txawv txav thiab kev nyuaj siab. Hauv ob qho kev tshawb fawb, calves kho nrog Draxxin Cov tshuaj txhaj tshuaj muaj qhov feem pua ntawm cov kab mob ntsws ntsws tsawg dua li cov nyuj uas tau kho cov ntsev ntsev (11.3% vs. 28.9%, P = 0.0001 thiab 15% vs. 30.7%, P<0.0001). Treatment with Draxxin Txhaj tshuaj tsis tau tshem tawm Mycoplasma kab mob los ntawm cov mob ntsws. Qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev kho mob ntawm qhov kev tshawb pom no, raws li nws muaj feem cuam tshuam rau qhov muaj peev xwm rov qab los thiab/lossis cov kab mob subclinical tsis tu ncua, tsis paub.
IBK - Ob qhov kev tshawb fawb txog kev ua tau zoo ntawm thaj chaw tau raug soj ntsuam Draxxin Injectable Solution rau kev kho mob ntawm cov kab mob bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK) cuam tshuam nrog Moraxella bovis hauv nyuj. Thawj qhov chaw kho mob kawg ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb no tau kho tus nqi raws li kev soj ntsuam rau Hnub 5, 9, 13, 17 thiab 21. Qhov chaw kho mob thib ob ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb no yog lub sijhawm los txhim kho. Nyob rau txhua lub sijhawm, hauv ob qho kev tshawb fawb, tus nqi kho tau ntau dua (P<0.05) for Draxxin Txhaj tshuaj-kho cov nyuj piv rau cov nyuj uas muaj ntsev-kho. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub sijhawm los txhim kho tau ntau dua (P<0.05) in the saline-treated calves than in the Draxxin Injectable Solution-kho cov nyuj. Tsis muaj cov khoom lag luam tsis zoo uas tau pom hauv ob qho kev tshawb fawb.
Ko Taw Rot - Kev ua tau zoo ntawm ib koob tshuaj ib zaug Draxxin Cov tshuaj txhaj tshuaj rau kev kho mob ntawm bovine ko taw rot tau soj ntsuam hauv ob txoj kev tshawb fawb. Hauv ob qho tib si kev tshawb fawb cov nyuj tau raug soj ntsuam nyob rau hnub 7 thiab kev kho mob tau zoo yog txiav txim siab raws li kev txo qis hauv qhov txhab, o thiab cov qhab nia lameness. Hauv ib qho ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb 4 ntawm 50 (8%) ntawm cov nyuj uas muaj ntsev tau txais txiaj ntsig tau zoo thaum 30 ntawm 50 (60%) ntawm Draxxin Txhaj tshuaj kho nyuj ua tau raws li cov txheej txheem ua tiav. Cov kev kho mob zoo npaum li cas rau cov Draxxin Injectable Solution-kho pab pawg tau loj dua P<0.0001 compared to the saline-treated group. In the second study 17 of the 34 (50%) saline-treated cattle met the success criteria while 30 of 36 (83.3%) of the Draxxin Txhaj tshuaj kho nyuj ua tau raws li cov txheej txheem ua tiav. Cov kev kho mob zoo npaum li cas rau cov Draxxin Injectable Solution-kho pab pawg tau loj dua P = 0.0088 piv rau cov pab pawg kho cov ntsev.
Swine: Tag nrho ntawm 266 npua nrog ib txwm tshwm sim SRD raug kho nrog Draxxin Txhaj tshuaj daws nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw kawm (5 United States, 1 Canada). Cov lus teb rau kev kho mob tau muab piv rau 267 kev tswj hwm kev noj qab haus huv. Kev vam meej tau txhais tias yog tus npua uas muaj tus cwj pwm zoo, ua pa ib txwm ua, thiab qhov quav kub ntawm ≤ 40 ° C rau hnub 7. Kev kho mob tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo dua (P ≤ 0.05) hauv Draxxin Injectable Solution-kho npua npua (71.1%) piv rau cov npua uas muaj ntsev (46.4%). Cov neeg tuag yog 2.6% (7 ntawm 266) nyob rau hauv Draxxin Injectable Solution-kho npua piv rau 9.0% (24 ntawm 267) nyob rau hauv cov kev tswj ntawm saline-kho.
Kev ua tau zoo ntawm tulathromycin hauv kev kho mob ntawm SRD cuam tshuam nrog Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae tau lees paub nyob rau hauv ob qho kev sim-induced kab mob kev tshawb fawb siv M. hyopneumoniae Cov kab mob nrog MIC ntawm tulathromycin > 64 µg/mL. Hauv txhua qhov kev tshawb fawb, 36 npua tau muab tshuaj saline intramuscularly (IM) ntawm qhov ntau npaum li cas ntawm 0.025 mL / kg lub cev qhov hnyav thiab 36 npua tau muab tulathromycin IM ntawm qhov ntau npaum li 2.5 mg / kg lub cev qhov hnyav. Kev kho mob tau muab kaum hnub tom qab thawj zaug M. hyopneumoniae inoculation. Txhua tus npua tau hnyav, euthanized thiab necropsied rau Hnub Kawm 10. Rau txhua tus npua, qhov feem pua ntawm cov kab mob ntsws tag nrho los ntawm lobe tau txiav txim siab. Thawj qhov chaw kho mob kawg los txiav txim siab qhov ua tau zoo ntawm tulathromycin yog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov kab mob ntsws ntawm cov pab pawg kho mob. Qhov feem pua ntawm cov kab mob pneumonic tag nrho tau tsawg dua (P<0.0001) for tulathromycin-treated pigs than for saline-treated pigs in both studies (8.52% vs. 23.62% and 11.31% vs. 26.42%). Treatment with Draxxin Txhaj tshuaj tsis tau tshem tawm Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae los ntawm cov mob ntsws. Qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev kho mob ntawm qhov kev tshawb pom no, raws li nws muaj feem cuam tshuam rau qhov muaj peev xwm rov qab los thiab/lossis cov kab mob subclinical tsis tu ncua, tsis paub.
Hauv lwm qhov kev tshawb fawb ntau qhov chaw los soj ntsuam kev tswj hwm ntawm SRD (5 Tebchaws Meskas, 1 Canada), 226 tus npua raug cuam tshuam rau ib txwm muaj SRD raug tswj hwm. Draxxin Txhaj tshuaj. Kev kho mob tau pib thaum tsawg kawg 15% ntawm cov npua hauv tus cwj mem qhia cov tsos mob cuam tshuam nrog SRD (qhov quav kub ≥ 40 ° C thiab tsawg kawg yog kev ntxhov siab hauv kev ua pa thiab tsawg kawg kev nyuaj siab). Draxxin Injectable Solution-kho npua npua muaj qhov tseem ceeb (P<0.05) higher treatment success rate (59%) compared to saline-treated pigs (41%). An animal was classified as a Treatment Success on Study Day 7, if it was alive, and had a respiration score of ≤ 1 (scale of 0 to 3 where 0 is normal), and had a rectal temperature of < 40°C. Failure to meet any one of the criteria classified the animal as a Treatment Failure.
Yaj: Kev ua tau zoo ntawm ib koob tshuaj intramuscular ntawm 2.5 mg / kg lub cev hnyav ntawm Draxxin Txhaj tshuaj nyob rau hauv kev kho mob ntawm ko taw rot txuam nrog D. noj tau tshawb xyuas nyob rau hauv European ntau qhov chaw tswj kev soj ntsuam kev tshawb fawb, suav nrog cov chaw hauv Spain, Fabkis thiab United Kingdom. Kev kho mob tau zoo tau soj ntsuam ntawm 14 hnub tom qab kev kho mob thiab tau txiav txim siab tias tau tshwm sim thaum tag nrho cov kab mob ko taw rot (foul tsw thiab exudate) tam sim no thaum lub sij hawm kho tsis ua hauj lwm thiab tus tsiaj tsis pom muaj pov thawj ntawm lameness. Yim caum-plaub feem pua ntawm cov tsiaj kho nrog Draxxin Cov tshuaj txhaj tshuaj tau suav tias yog kev kho mob ua tiav thiab kev ua tau zoo ntawm Draxxin Cov tshuaj txhaj tshuaj tau pom tias tsis yog qhov qis dua thaum piv rau lwm cov tshuaj tua kab mob macrolide siv los tswj qhov zoo.
TSEV KAWM NTAWV:
Nyuj: Kev tshawb fawb txog kev nyab xeeb tau ua nyob rau hauv cov menyuam mos noj uas tau txais ib koob tshuaj subcutaneous ntawm 25 mg tulathromycin ib kg lub cev hnyav, lossis 3 kev kho mob txhua lub lim tiam ntawm 2.5, 7.5 lossis 12.5 mg / kg lub cev hnyav. Hauv txhua pab pawg, cov cim qhia ntawm qhov mob tom qab txhaj tshuaj tau pom, suav nrog lub taub hau tuav thiab pawing hauv av. Qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj o, discoloration ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg subcutaneous ntawm qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj thiab cov kev hloov pauv histopathologic tau pom nyob rau hauv cov tsiaj ntawm txhua pawg noj. Cov kab mob no tau pom cov cim ntawm kev daws teeb meem nyob rau lub sijhawm. Tsis muaj lwm yam kab mob ntsig txog tshuaj tau pom macroscopically lossis microscopically.
Kev tshawb nrhiav kev tshawb fawb tau ua nyob rau hauv cov menyuam mos noj uas tau txais ib koob tshuaj subcutaneous ntawm 10, 12.5 lossis 15 mg tulathromycin ib kg lub cev hnyav. Macroscopically, tsis muaj qhov txhab tau pom. Microscopically, tsawg heev rau me me myocardial degeneration tau pom nyob rau hauv ib qho ntawm rau 6 tus menyuam mos noj 12.5 mg / kg lub cev hnyav ib zaug thiab ob ntawm rau tus menyuam mos noj 15 mg / kg lub cev hnyav.
Kev tshawb fawb txog kev nyab xeeb tau ua nyob rau hauv cov nyuj 13 mus rau 27 hnub ntawm hnub nyoog tau txais 2.5 lossis 7.5 mg ntawm tulathromycin ib kg lub cev qhov hnyav ib zaug subcutaneously. Nrog rau qhov tshwj xeeb me me rau qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj me me, tsis muaj cov tsos mob ntsig txog kev kho mob lossis lwm yam kab mob tau pom macroscopically lossis microscopically.
Kev tshawb fawb ntawm qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj ua nyob rau hauv feeder calves siv ntau tshaj txhaj tshuaj (10 mL) qhia tau hais tias Draxxin Cov tshuaj txhaj tshuaj yuav ua rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis tu ncua hauv cov ntaub so ntswg subcutaneous.
Swine: Kev tshawb fawb txog kev nyab xeeb tau ua nyob rau hauv npua tau txais ib koob tshuaj intramuscular ntawm 25 mg tulathromycin ib kg lub cev hnyav, lossis 3 lub lis piam intramuscular koob tshuaj ntawm 2.5, 7.5 lossis 12.5 mg / kg lub cev hnyav. Nyob rau hauv txhua pab pawg, cov kev qhia ib ntus ntawm qhov mob tom qab txhaj tshuaj tau pom, suav nrog kev ntxhov siab thiab kev hais lus ntau dhau. Kev tshee tshwm sim luv luv hauv ib tus tsiaj tau txais 7.5 mg / kg lub cev hnyav. Discoloration thiab edema ntawm qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj cov ntaub so ntswg thiab sib xws histopathologic hloov tau pom nyob rau hauv cov tsiaj ntawm tag nrho cov ntau npaum li cas thiab daws raws sij hawm. Tsis muaj lwm yam kab mob ntsig txog tshuaj tau pom macroscopically lossis microscopically.
Yaj: Lub zos tolerance ntawm Draxxin Injectable Solution tau tshawb xyuas hauv ib txoj kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov yaj uas muaj hnub nyoog kwv yees li 7 lub hlis tom qab txhaj tshuaj intramuscular ntawm 2.5 mg tulathromycin / kg lub cev hnyav rau hauv caj dab. Macroscopic thiab microscopic kev kuaj xyuas ntawm qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj tau qhia tias muaj kev cuam tshuam me me uas cuam tshuam nrog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj.
Hauv kev tshawb fawb txog kev nyab xeeb, Draxxin Cov tshuaj txhaj tshuaj tau muab tshuaj intramuscularly rau cov menyuam yaj hnub nyoog 6 lub lis piam lossis ntau dua ntawm cov koob tshuaj sib raug rau 0, 1, 3 lossis 5 npaug ntawm daim ntawv lo koob tshuaj ntawm 2.5 mg / kg lub cev qhov hnyav, peb zaug, ib lub lis piam sib nrug. Kev txhaj tshuaj ntawm Draxxin Txhaj tshuaj rau hauv lub caj dab induced tam sim ntawd kho cov tshuaj tiv thaiv muaj feem xyuam rau tsis xis nyob los yog mob nyob rau hauv yuav luag tag nrho cov tsiaj. Tag nrho cov cim tau mob me me thiab daws tsis pub dhau ib feeb. Macroscopic thiab microscopic post mortem kev kuaj pom tsis pom qhov txawv txav.
Cia
Khaws ntawm 15 mus rau 30 ° C. Cov ntsiab lus yuav tsum tau siv nyob rau hauv 28 hnub tom qab thawj koob raug tshem tawm.Kev nthuav qhia: Draxxin Cov tshuaj txhaj tshuaj muaj nyob rau hauv 20 mL, 50 mL, 100 mL, 250 mL thiab 500 mL vials.
Zoetis yog lub cim lag luam thiab Draxxin yog lub cim lag luam sau npe ntawm Zoetis lossis nws cov ntawv tso cai, siv raws li daim ntawv tso cai los ntawm Zoetis Canada Inc.
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 | Txhua qhov kev siv zog tau ua los xyuas kom meej qhov tseeb ntawm Draxxin Injectable Solution cov ntaub ntawv luam tawm saum toj no. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tseem yog lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov neeg nyeem kom paub lawv tus kheej nrog cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov khoom lag luam uas muaj nyob rau ntawm Canadian cov khoom lag luam daim ntawv lo lossis pob ntim. |
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