Pneumoconiosis Guide: Ua, Cov tsos mob thiab kev xaiv kho

Pneumoconiosis yog dab tsi?

Pneumoconiosis yog mob ntsws uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev nqus cov hmoov av hauv cov ntxhia, feem ntau thaum ua haujlwm hauv kev lag luam uas muaj kev pheej hmoo siab, ntxhia. Thaum xub thawj, khaus pob zeb hauv av tuaj yeem ua rau lub ntsws mob, uas ua rau thaj chaw ntawm lub ntsws puas lawm ib ntus. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov cheeb tsam no tuaj yeem ua rau cov tawv nqaij tawv, fibrous deposits. Qhov theem ntawm pneumoconiosis no hu ua fibrosis. Fibrosis stiffens lub ntsws thiab cuam tshuam nrog lub ntsws txoj kev sib pauv ntawm oxygen thiab carbon dioxide.

Muaj ntau ntau hom pneumoconiosis. Hauv Teb Chaws Asmeskas, hom ntau tshaj plaws suav nrog:

Asbestosis- Asbestos yog lub npe dav dav rau tsev neeg ntawm cov kab mob fiber ntau uas yog mined los ntawm underground deposits thiab siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim cov rwb thaiv tsev tsev, fireproof ntaub ntawv, vuas rau pem teb thiab qab nthab, tsheb nres linings, thiab lwm yam khoom. Cov neeg ua haujlwm uas muaj cov asbestos siab tshaj plaws suav nrog cov miners, cov neeg ua haujlwm tsim kho, cov neeg ua haujlwm rhuav tshem, cov neeg tsim nkoj thiab cov kws kho tsheb uas ua haujlwm nrog cov nres. Kev raug mob asbestos kuj tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau cov neeg nyob lossis ua haujlwm hauv cov tsev uas muaj cov khoom siv asbestos tsis zoo. Feem ntau, cov tsos mob ntawm asbestosis tsis tshwm sim rau 20 lossis ntau xyoo tom qab ib tug neeg raug pom thawj zaug rau cov hmoov av asbestos. Silicosis- Cov kab mob pneumoconiosis no cuam tshuam rau cov neeg uas ua haujlwm nrog silica, feem ntau yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm quartz uas muaj nyob rau hauv cov xuab zeb, sandstone, slate, ib co av nplaum, granite thiab lwm yam ores. Cov neeg ua haujlwm uas raug silica siab tshaj plaws suav nrog sandblasters, miners, tunnel builders, silica millers, quarry neeg ua hauj lwm, foundry neeg ua hauj lwm thiab cov neeg uas ua ceramics los yog iav. Silicosis tuaj yeem ua rau mob fibrosis hauv lub ntsws nrog qhov txo qis hauv lub ntsws ua haujlwm, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov neeg haus luam yeeb. Coal worker's pneumoconiosis- Daim ntawv no ntawm pneumoconiosis yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev nqus cov pa roj carbon monoxide los ntawm cov thee, graphite, teeb dub lossis carbon dub. Nws feem ntau cuam tshuam rau cov neeg uas mine, txheej txheem lossis nkoj thee; graphite miners; thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm uas tsim cov graphite hluavtaws, lub teeb dub lossis carbon dub. Zoo li silicosis, cov neeg ua haujlwm thee pneumoconiosis tuaj yeem ua rau mob fibrosis tseem ceeb, feem ntau hauv cov miners uas tau ua haujlwm ntau xyoo tsis muaj cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv. Talc pneumoconiosis- Qhov no yog tshwm sim los ntawm raug rau talc plua plav, feem ntau thaum lub sij hawm talc mining los yog milling. Talc pneumoconiosis kuj tuaj yeem ua rau mob ntsws fibrosis. Kaolin (Tuam Tshoj av nplaum) pneumoconiosis- Tus kab mob pneumoconiosis no yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev nqus cov kaolin, cov khoom siv hauv kev tsim cov ceramics, ntawv, tshuaj, tshuaj pleev ib ce thiab tshuaj txhuam hniav. Cov neeg ua haujlwm uas kuv, zeb lossis lub hnab kaolin muaj kev pheej hmoo. Siderosis ntawm lub ntsws- Tus kab mob pneumoconiosis no, tseem hu ua welder lub ntsws lossis nyiaj polisher lub ntsws, yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev nqus cov hlau. Txawm hais tias welder lub ntsws feem ntau zoo li txawv txav ntawm lub hauv siab X-ray, nws feem ntau tsis ua rau muaj tsos mob. Lwm yam pneumoconiosis- Tsawg zaus, pneumoconiosis tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm kev nqus cov barium sulfate, tin oxide, cov tebchaw uas muaj cov hlau tawv (cobalt thiab tungsten carbide) lossis lwm hom hmoov av.

Cov tsos mob

Pneumoconiosis qee zaum tsis ua rau muaj tsos mob. Thaum cov tsos mob tshwm sim, lawv tuaj yeem suav nrog:

hnoos (nrog lossis tsis muaj hnoos qeev)
hawb pob
Ua tsis taus pa, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum qoj ib ce

Yog hais tias pneumoconiosis ua rau mob ntsws fibrosis, ua pa yuav nyuaj heev. Thaum qhov no tshwm sim, tus neeg mob daim di ncauj thiab cov rau tes tej zaum yuav muaj xim xiav. Nyob rau hauv cov kab mob siab heev, kuj yuav muaj cov tsos mob ntawm ceg o los ntawm lub plawv ntau dhau.

Kev kuaj mob

Koj tus kws kho mob yuav nug txog koj qhov raug cov hmoov av ntxhia, pes tsawg xyoo koj raug, thiab seb koj puas siv khaub ncaws thiab khoom siv tiv thaiv. Koj tus kws kho mob yuav tshuaj xyuas koj, ua tib zoo saib xyuas koj lub hauv siab. Qhov no yuav ua raws li lub hauv siab X-ray, uas yuav muab piv rau cov txheej txheem X-rays luam tawm los ntawm International Labor Office rau kev soj ntsuam ntawm pneumoconiosis. Koj tus kws kho mob yuav xaj kom kuaj ua pa, hu ua pulmonary function tests. Hauv qee cov neeg mob, cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws ntxiv suav tomography (CT) scan ntawm lub hauv siab yog qhov tsim nyog. Tsawg zaus, tus kws kho mob yuav xaj ib qho kev kuaj hu ua bronchoscopy nrog lub ntsws biopsy. Hauv qhov kev sim no, lub raj hloov pauv tau muab tso rau hauv lub ntsws thiab ib qho me me ntawm lub ntsws cov ntaub so ntswg raug tshem tawm mus kuaj hauv chav kuaj.

Lub sijhawm xav tau

Pneumoconiosis ua rau lub ntsws hloov mus tas li. Txawm li cas los xij, koj tuaj yeem txwv tsis pub nws tsis zoo.

Kev tiv thaiv

Pneumoconiosis yuav luag txhua lub sijhawm tuaj yeem tiv thaiv. Txhawm rau txo koj txoj kev pheej hmoo, koj tuaj yeem:

L ua raws li kev ua haujlwm cuam tshuam rau cov ntxhia plua plav - Cov neeg ua haujlwm uas niaj hnub cuam tshuam nrog cov plua plav ntxhia ib txwm yuav tsum siv cov kev pom zoo (cov khoom siv tiv thaiv thiab khaub ncaws) kom txwv tsis pub lawv raug thiab tsis txhob nqa cov hmoov av hauv tsev rau lawv cov khaub ncaws. Yog tias lub npog ntsej muag lossis lub tshuab ua pa yog hnav los tiv thaiv plua plav, nws yuav tsum haum kom zoo thiab siv raws li cov neeg tsim khoom qhia.

Kev kho mob

Yog tias koj muaj kab mob pneumoconiosis thiab koj muaj teeb meem ua pa, koj tus kws kho mob yuav qhia koj kom tsis txhob raug cov hmoov av ntxiv. Nws tuaj yeem sau ib lossis ob yam tshuaj uas nqus tau los txo qhov mob hauv koj txoj hlab ntsws thiab pab kom koj cov hlab ntsws qhib. Yog tias cov pa oxygen hauv koj cov ntshav qis dua 90%, koj yuav tsum tau ua pa ntxiv oxygen tom tsev. Tsis tas li, txhawm rau pab tiv thaiv koj lub ntsws puas tiv thaiv kab mob ua pa, koj tus kws kho mob yuav pom zoo kom txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob khaub thuas (flu) thiab tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob pneumococcal. Yog tias koj kis tus kab mob ua pa, koj yuav tsum tau kho nrog tshuaj tua kab mob.

Thaum pneumoconiosis ua rau muaj teeb meem ua pa hnyav, lub ntsws hloov pauv tsuas yog kho.

Thaum Hu Rau Tus Kws Tshaj Lij

Hu rau koj tus kws kho mob tam sim ntawd yog tias koj muaj cov tsos mob ntawm pneumoconiosis thiab koj tau ua hauj lwm ntawm ib txoj hauj lwm uas muaj kev pheej hmoo siab ntawm cov plua plav ntxhia.

Kev kwv yees

Qhov kev pom ntawm tus kab mob no nyob ntawm seb hom kab mob pneumoconiosis, qhov ntev ntawm kev raug cov ntxhia hauv plua plav, theem ntawm kev raug thiab seb tus neeg mob puas yog haus luam yeeb.

Nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntev, cov neeg uas muaj asbestosis thiab talc pneumoconiosis muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm mob ntsws cancer thiab malignant mesothelioma (mob qog nqaij hlav hauv lub ntsws thiab lub plab kab noj hniav). Qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm mob ntsws cancer yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov neeg haus luam yeeb nrog asbestosis.

Vim tias cov txiv neej ua haujlwm ua haujlwm feem ntau ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo siab ntawm pneumoconiosis, feem ntau ntawm cov neeg tuag los ntawm pneumoconiosis tshwm sim rau cov txiv neej.